DNA damage as a molecular link in the pathogenesis of COPD in smokers

DNA damage as a molecular link in the pathogenesis of COPD in smokers.

In this study, we investigated whether DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We immunofluorescence-stained lung tissue samples obtained from COPD patients, asymptomatic smokers and nonsmokers for markers of DSBs. The numbers of DSB foci (phosphorylated histone 2AX (γH2AX), phosphorylated ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated...

Dna Damage as a Molecular Link in the Pathogensis of Copd in Smokers

the significance of conjunction as a cohesive device in teaching writing

the research questions were as follows: 1. is there any relationship between the students concious awareness of the form and implications of the conjuncations and their improvement in using appropriate conjunctions? 2. does students knowledge of the from and the implications of the conjunctions help them to produce more coherent writings. 3. does a comparison between english conjunctions and th...

a fundamental study of "histiriographic metafiction", and "literary genres", as introduced in "new historical philosophy", and tracing them in the works of julian barnes.

abstract a fundamental study of “historio-graphic metafiction” and “literary genres”, as introduced in “new historical philosophy”, and tracing them in the works of julian barnes having studied the two novels, the porcupine and arthur & george, by julian barnes, the researcher has applied linda hutcheon’s historio-graphic metafictional theories to them. the thesis is divided into five cha...

critical period effects in foreign language learning:the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of reading,writing, and grammar in english as a foreign language

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...